| Low-voltage pathway lights | Walkways, garden edges, and steps | Often supplied by a 12-volt landscape-lighting system; photocells or timers may control operation. | NEC Article 411 covers low-voltage lighting systems operating at 30 volts or less. Use listed equipment and install it according to its instructions and applicable local code. | LED lamps can reduce electricity use compared with incandescent lamps. Aim light downward and avoid glare onto neighboring properties. |
| Motion-sensor security lights | Entrances, garages, and side yards | Mains-voltage or low-voltage fixture with an occupancy or motion sensor; some models also use a photocell. | Choose a fixture rated for its outdoor exposure. Follow the installation instructions, and have line-voltage wiring work performed by a qualified person where required. | A sensor can limit operating time when an area is unoccupied; actual savings depend on settings, use, and the light source. Set sensitivity and shutoff time to reduce nuisance activation. |
| LED flood and area lights | Driveways, yards, and broad exterior areas | Usually line-voltage LED fixtures; may be paired with a motion sensor, timer, or photocell. | Use a fixture listed for the location and exposure. Follow NEC requirements adopted by the local jurisdiction and the product’s mounting and wiring instructions. | The U.S. Department of Energy reports that LEDs use at least 75% less energy and can last up to 25 times longer than incandescent lighting. Select only the light output needed for the task. |
| Wall-mounted entrance lights | Front doors, patios, and exterior walls | Typically line-voltage LED fixtures; available with dusk-to-dawn or motion controls. | Select a fixture suitable for the specific wet or damp location. Keep seals, covers, and wiring entries installed as directed to maintain the fixture’s weather protection. | A downward-facing or shielded design can help direct light onto the entry area and limit unwanted upward light. |
| Step and deck lights | Stair risers, railings, and deck edges | Available as low-voltage systems or line-voltage fixtures; may be controlled by a timer or photocell. | Use products rated for their outdoor location and install them securely. Keep cables protected from damage and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for connections and placement. | Use even, low-glare illumination to make changes in level visible without shining directly into people’s eyes. |
| Bollard and post lights | Paths, driveways, and landscape borders | Available in line-voltage and low-voltage versions; some systems use photocells or timers. | Confirm the fixture and wiring method are suitable for the installation location. Protect underground wiring as required by the applicable code and installation instructions. | Space fixtures to provide useful path guidance while avoiding excessive brightness and unnecessary light spill. |