| Polyisocyanurate (PIR) | 30–40 | 0.022–0.028 | 40–200 | Generally good; verify tested service temperature and long-term dimensional stability | Low water absorption when joints and facings are properly sealed | Often C–s1,d0 to B–s1,d0 for tested systems; project-specific | Cold stores, warehouses, food-processing rooms, roofs and façades requiring high thermal efficiency | Request EN 13165 or ASTM C1289 evidence, declared λD, fire-test reports and joint air-tightness details |
| Polyurethane (PUR) | 36–ต45 | 0.022–0.028 | 40–200 | Good under design conditions; confirm aging and temperature data | Low water absorption in closed-cell products; damaged edges require protection | Commonly C–s2,d0 to B–s2,d0 for tested assemblies | General industrial buildings, refrigerated spaces, agricultural buildings and insulated envelopes | Check blowing-agent regulations, long-term thermal resistance, fire classification and export documentation |
| Mineral Wool | 90–150 | 0.034–0.045 | 50–250 | Very good non-combustible performance; may lose shape if exposed to persistent moisture | Generally water-repellent, but not a substitute for a watertight building envelope | Often A2–s1,d0 or A1 for mineral core; complete panel must be tested | High-rise façades, industrial fire compartments, public buildings and projects with strict fire requirements | Prioritize EN 13162/EN 14509 or equivalent test reports, fire resistance minutes and compressive-strength data |
| Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) | 15–30 | 0.034–0.040 | 40–200 | Moderate; prolonged heat can increase shrinkage or deformation | Higher moisture sensitivity than closed-cell PUR/PIR; protect cut edges and joints | Typically E to B–s1,d0 depending on formulation and tested assembly | Cost-sensitive walls, temporary buildings, agricultural structures and moderate-climate applications | Confirm aging-related thickness change, water absorption, fire performance and suitability for the climate zone |
| Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) | 28–45 | 0.029–0.036 | 40–150 | Good at normal building temperatures; verify maximum service temperature | Low water absorption and good resistance to freeze–thaw exposure | Often E to C–s1,d0 depending on formulation and complete panel design | Plinths, floors, foundations and areas exposed to intermittent moisture or higher compressive loads | Check compatibility with adhesives, facings, fire barriers, hydrostatic exposure and local code limits |
| Phenolic Foam | 35–45 | 0.018–0.025 | 40–150 | Good thermal performance; verify brittleness, dimensional stability and installation tolerances | Generally low water absorption, but exposed joints and facings must be sealed | Can achieve strong reaction-to-fire results; exact classification is product-specific | Projects requiring low U-values with limited thickness, façades, roofs and technical insulation | Review dimensional tolerances, surface friability, fire-smoke data and long-term thermal resistance |