| Airway Visualization | Assess the view of the glottis, image clarity, field of view, anti-fog performance, and visibility when blood or secretions are present. | Good direct optical view; depends strongly on operator alignment and lens cleanliness. | Provides a shared screen view and may improve team coordination and teaching. | Consistent when correctly designed and tested; performance varies by optical and camera configuration. |
| Patient Safety | Review blade geometry, insertion profile, smooth edges, illumination, mechanical strength, and the risk of tissue trauma. | Reusable components require inspection for cracks, sharp edges, loose joints, and optical damage before every use. | Check the camera, cable, monitor, battery, and blade integrity in addition to the airway-contacting surface. | Reduces cross-patient reprocessing requirements, but the package, expiry date, and device integrity must be checked before use. |
| Infection Prevention | Confirm the required cleaning, disinfection, sterilization, drying, storage, and traceability procedures. | Requires validated reprocessing according to the manufacturer’s instructions for use. | The blade, handle, camera, cable, and accessories may have different reprocessing requirements. | Normally supplied sterile or clean for single-patient use; follow the package labeling and do not reuse unless specifically permitted. |
| Reprocessing Complexity | Measure staff time, equipment availability, turnaround time, water quality, drying requirements, and documentation workload. | Usually moderate; optical channels and joints may require careful cleaning and inspection. | Often higher because electronic parts and cables may limit immersion or automated processing. | Low reprocessing workload; disposal, stock control, and packaging waste must be managed. |
| Operational Readiness | Evaluate start-up time, availability of clean devices, battery status, spare parts, and backup equipment. | Fast to deploy when clean and assembled; readiness depends on reliable light and battery checks. | Requires a charged power source, functional display, compatible accessories, and a clean airway component. | Usually rapid to deploy if sufficient inventory is maintained. |
| Maintenance Requirements | Review preventive maintenance intervals, battery replacement, lamp or LED service, optical-window replacement, and repair procedures. | Routine inspection is essential; damaged blades, handles, illumination units, and lenses may require replacement. | More components to maintain, including display, camera, connectors, charging system, cables, and software where applicable. | The reusable controller or display still needs cleaning, battery care, functional testing, and scheduled service. |
| Durability and Reliability | Check impact resistance, waterproofing or ingress protection, connector strength, expected service life, and repair availability. | Fewer electronic parts may simplify fault diagnosis, but repeated processing can damage seals, finishes, and optical surfaces. | Offers advanced functions but has more electronic and mechanical failure points. | Reduces concern about cumulative blade wear; reusable electronic components still require protection and testing. |
| User Training | Assess intubation technique, handling of the optical system, screen orientation, troubleshooting, and cleaning procedures. | Requires strong direct-view laryngoscopy skills and correct alignment of the optical pathway. | Requires training in screen-based hand-eye coordination and management of indirect views. | Training requirements depend on whether the system provides direct optical viewing, video viewing, or both. |
| Total Cost of Ownership | Calculate purchase cost, reprocessing labor, utilities, consumables, repairs, downtime, accessories, and replacement parts. | Lower cost per use may be possible at high utilization, provided reprocessing capacity and maintenance are available. | Initial and maintenance costs may be higher because of displays, cameras, batteries, software, and accessories. | Lower equipment complexity but higher recurring cost per procedure and potential inventory expense. |
| Environmental Impact | Consider water, electricity, detergents, sterilization materials, packaging, device lifespan, and end-of-life disposal. | Generally produces less device waste per procedure but consumes resources for cleaning and sterilization. | Combines reusable-device benefits with additional electronic components and battery management. | Creates more packaging and medical-device waste; disposal must comply with local regulations. |
| Regulatory and Documentation Review | Verify applicable medical-device registration, labeling, instructions for use, reprocessing instructions, and quality-system documentation. | Confirm that the device and its reusable accessories have validated processing instructions. | Confirm electrical safety, electromagnetic compatibility, software documentation, and cleaning limitations where applicable. | Confirm single-use labeling, sterility or cleanliness claims, expiry information, and disposal requirements. |