| Portable or handheld Raman | Approximately 6–15 cm−1, depending on the optical design | Often focused on fingerprint-region measurements; some configurations extend into higher wavenumbers | Commonly 785 nm or 1064 nm; available wavelengths vary by configuration | Direct contact or short-distance measurement through a probe nose, vial, or container wall | Incoming-material checks, field identification, and rapid screening | Prioritize portability and measurement speed, but confirm that resolution and spectral range are sufficient for the materials being distinguished. |
| General-purpose benchtop Raman | Approximately 1–5 cm−1 in many configurations | Commonly covers part or all of the fingerprint region; detector and grating choices affect the usable range | Often 532 nm, 633 nm, 785 nm, or 1064 nm, depending on the system | Free-space sampling, sample holders, cuvettes, vials, and optional fiber-optic probes | Routine laboratory identification, material comparison, and method development | Compare resolution, detector sensitivity, wavelength choice, and the ability to change sampling accessories. |
| Confocal Raman microscope | Typically about 1–3 cm−1, depending on the spectrograph and measurement settings | Ranges vary with laser, grating, and detector; multiple spectral regions may require separate settings | Common choices include 532 nm, 633 nm, and 785 nm; other configurations are possible | Microscope objectives for point analysis, line scans, and two-dimensional chemical mapping | Microscopic inclusions, layered materials, particles, and spatially resolved chemical analysis | Assess spatial resolution, mapping speed, sample access, objective working distance, and fluorescence sensitivity. |
| Fiber-probe or process Raman system | Often approximately 3–10 cm−1; performance depends on the analyzer and probe configuration | Typically optimized for selected analytical bands rather than every possible spectral region | Commonly near-infrared excitation, such as 785 nm or 1064 nm, where fluorescence reduction may be useful | Remote fiber probe, immersion probe, or fixed sampling head; compatibility depends on the process environment | Reaction monitoring, process measurements, and sampling in enclosed or hard-to-reach locations | Check probe materials, working distance, temperature and pressure limits, fiber length, and validation requirements. |
| High-resolution research Raman system | Can reach approximately 0.5–2 cm−1 with suitable optics and settings | May support broad or selectable spectral coverage; coverage and resolution can vary with configuration | May support several visible and near-infrared laser wavelengths | Microscope, macro-sampling, low-temperature, polarization, or other specialized accessories may be available | Fine peak separation, materials research, crystallinity studies, and advanced spectroscopy | Higher resolution may reduce signal throughput or require longer acquisition; confirm performance under the intended measurement conditions. |