| Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Rod | ASTM A36; EN 10025-2 S235JR/S355JR; JIS G3101 SS400 | General fabrication, shafts, frames, brackets, agricultural equipment, and low-to-medium load components. | Mill test certificate to EN 10204 3.1; chemical composition; tensile and yield test results; dimensional inspection; ISO 9001 supplier quality system. | Integrated mill, electric-arc-furnace mill, or regional stockholder capable of supplying cut lengths or bundles. | $650–$1,050 | 3–8 weeks, depending on section size and quantity. | FOB, CFR, CIF, or FCA; containerized or breakbulk shipment. | Choose S355 or an equivalent higher-strength grade when the design requires greater yield strength than standard mild steel. |
| Concrete Reinforcing Bar | ASTM A615 Grade 60; ASTM A706 Grade 60; EN 10080 B500B/B500C | Reinforced concrete buildings, bridges, foundations, roads, tunnels, and precast elements. | EN 10204 3.1 certificate; tensile, bend, and rebend tests; rib geometry inspection; heat or cast traceability; project-specific conformity certificate. | Long-product steel mill, rebar rolling mill, or approved construction-steel distributor. | $620–$950 | 3–7 weeks for standard sizes; longer for project-specific bundles. | FOB/CFR/CIF for bulk orders; DDP only where import and local certification are arranged. | ASTM A706 is preferable for seismic or weldable structures because it places tighter limits on chemical composition and strength variation. |
| Carbon Steel Wire Rod | SAE J403 grades such as 1006, 1010, 1022, 1045; EN 10016 series | Fasteners, nails, wire products, mesh, cold heading, welding wire, and drawn wire. | EN 10204 3.1 certificate; surface-quality report; decarburization check where required; dimensional and coil-weight records. | Primary wire-rod mill supplying coils, usually through an export trader or wire-processing distributor. | $600–$950 | 4–9 weeks, depending on grade, coil weight, and drawing quality. | FOB, CFR, CIF, and FCA; coils normally require seaworthy wrapping and moisture protection. | Specify drawing quality, surface condition, coil inside diameter, coil weight, and allowable welds before placing an order. |
| Cold-Heading Quality Rod | SAE J403 1006–1038; EN 10263; ISO 898-1-related fastener supply requirements | Bolts, screws, rivets, nuts, automotive fasteners, and high-volume cold-forged parts. | EN 10204 3.1; spheroidized-annealing or microstructure report; surface-defect inspection; chemical analysis; dimensional and hardness records. | Specialty wire-rod mill or approved cold-heading wire processor with metallurgical process control. | $750–$1,250 | 5–10 weeks, including heat treatment where specified. | FOB/CFR/CIF; container shipment with rust-prevention packaging. | Surface defects and inconsistent spheroidization can cause cracking during forming, so sample approval is recommended. |
| High-Carbon Steel Rod | SAE J403 1045, 1060, 1070, 1080; EN 10089 for selected spring applications | Springs, saw wire, agricultural blades, high-strength wire, wear parts, and mechanical components. | EN 10204 3.1; carbon and alloy analysis; tensile strength; hardness; microstructure; surface and decarburization inspection. | Specialty carbon-steel wire-rod mill or heat-treatment-capable wire processor. | $750–$1,300 | 5–10 weeks. | FOB, CFR, CIF, or FCA; dry and corrosion-protected packaging is essential. | Higher carbon improves hardness and strength but reduces weldability and ductility; confirm the forming process before selection. |
| Spring Steel Rod | EN 10089 51CrV4; ASTM A29/A322 equivalent alloy grades; SAE 5160 for selected applications | Coil springs, suspension components, agricultural springs, clips, and high-cycle elastic parts. | EN 10204 3.1; hardenability; tensile and hardness results; inclusion rating; decarburization and surface-quality report. | Alloy-steel mill or specialty spring-steel producer with controlled heat treatment and traceability. | $1,050–$1,700 | 6–12 weeks. | FOB/CFR/CIF; project orders may require pre-shipment inspection. | Confirm fatigue-life requirements, heat-treatment route, straightness, and allowable surface discontinuities. |
| Stainless Steel Rod | ASTM A276/A479; EN 10088-3 grades 304/304L, 316/316L, 410, and 17-4 PH | Food processing, chemical equipment, marine fittings, architectural parts, medical equipment, and corrosion-resistant machinery. | EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 for critical projects; PMI report; corrosion or passivation documentation; mechanical tests; heat-number traceability. | Stainless steel mill, precision bar producer, or specialized stainless distributor. | $2,300–$5,500 | 4–10 weeks; precipitation-hardening grades may require additional processing time. | FCA, FOB, CFR, CIF, or DAP; protect bright surfaces from chloride contamination and abrasion. | Use 316/316L for higher chloride exposure than 304/304L; select 17-4 PH when high strength is more important than maximum corrosion resistance. |
| Free-Cutting Steel Rod | EN 10087 11SMn30/11SMnPb30; ASTM A29/A108 equivalent grades | High-speed CNC machining, automatic screw-machine parts, fittings, connectors, and precision components. | EN 10204 3.1; machinability-related chemistry; dimensional tolerance; hardness; inclusion and surface-quality records. | Special-bar-quality mill, bright-bar producer, or precision-machining material distributor. | $850–$1,500 | 5–10 weeks. | FCA or DAP for precision bars; FOB/CIF for larger mill quantities. | Lead-bearing grades improve machinability but may face environmental or regulatory restrictions in certain markets. |
| Bearing Steel Rod | ISO 683-17; ASTM A295; common grade family 100Cr6 / AISI 52100 | Rolling-element bearings, precision races, rollers, sleeves, and high-contact-fatigue components. | EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2; ultrasonic testing; carbide segregation and inclusion rating; spheroidized microstructure; hardness and dimensional reports. | Special-bar-quality alloy-steel mill with vacuum degassing and stringent cleanliness control. | $1,300–$2,200 | 8–14 weeks. | FOB, CFR, CIF, or DAP with lot traceability and pre-shipment inspection. | Cleanliness, carbide distribution, and ultrasonic quality are normally more important than the lowest purchase price. |
| Tool Steel Rod | ASTM A681; EN ISO 4957 grades such as O1, D2, H13, and M2 | Dies, punches, molds, cutting tools, extrusion tooling, and wear-resistant machine parts. | EN 10204 3.1; ultrasonic inspection; hardness; annealed microstructure; carbide distribution; heat-treatment certificate where applicable. | Tool-steel mill, forged-bar producer, or specialty heat-treatment and stockholding service. | $2,000–$6,500 | 8–16 weeks. | FCA, DAP, or CIF; air freight may be used for urgent, high-value tooling material. | D2 offers high wear resistance, H13 suits hot-work tooling, and M2 is designed for high-speed cutting applications. |
| Galvanized Steel Rod | ASTM A641/A641M for galvanized carbon-steel wire and rod products; ISO 1461 for fabricated hot-dip-galvanized items | Fencing, cable support, agricultural structures, grounding components, and outdoor hardware. | Coating-mass or coating-thickness test; adhesion test; tensile test; dimensional inspection; certificate of conformity; EN 10204 3.1 where specified. | Wire-rod mill paired with a galvanizing line, or galvanized-wire and hardware manufacturer. | $850–$1,450 | 4–9 weeks. | FOB/CFR/CIF; use dry containers and ventilated packaging to reduce white-rust risk. | Specify zinc coating class, coating mass, wire diameter tolerance, and whether the product is electro-galvanized or hot-dip galvanized. |