| Polypropylene (PP) | Pre-filtration of process water, alkaline cleaning solutions, acids, and slurry feed streams | About 0.5–100 µm; ratings may be nominal or absolute depending on construction | About 80–100°C | Good resistance to many dilute acids, bases, and aqueous chemicals; verify compatibility with strong oxidizers and organic solvents | Low extractables, broad availability, economical construction, and good dirt-holding capacity | Lower temperature capability than fluoropolymer and ceramic media; not suitable for every solvent or high-temperature gas | Cost control and upstream particle removal |
| Polyethersulfone (PES) | Final filtration of ultrapure water, chemical solutions, and aqueous rinse fluids | Commonly about 0.04–0.45 µm; sterilizing-grade liquid filters are often around 0.2 µm | About 120–140°C, depending on membrane support and housing | Strong performance in aqueous systems and many acids and bases; solvent compatibility must be checked individually | High flow rate, low protein binding, low extractables, and strong suitability for fine aqueous filtration | Less suitable for aggressive organic solvents and some concentrated chemical mixtures | High-purity liquid polishing and final particle control |
| Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) | Filtration of corrosive process gases, solvent vapors, strong chemicals, and high-purity gas lines | Commonly about 0.05–1.0 µm for membrane filters | About 180–260°C, depending on support, seals, and operating conditions | Excellent resistance to most acids, bases, and organic solvents; compatibility still depends on temperature and sealing materials | Very broad chemical resistance, hydrophobic versions for gas service, and strong performance in corrosive environments | Higher cost; hydrophobic PTFE requires pre-wetting or a suitable design for aqueous filtration; pressure drop can increase at fine ratings | Corrosive gas filtration and demanding chemical service |
| Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) | Fine filtration of acids, bases, solvents, and selected aqueous chemicals in wet-process areas | Commonly about 0.05–0.65 µm | About 80–140°C, depending on grade and system design | Good resistance to many acids, bases, and halogenated chemicals; compatibility with strong solvents and ketones requires verification | Good balance of chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and low extractables | Temperature and solvent resistance are generally lower than those of PTFE; not universally suitable for aggressive solvent duty | Balanced performance for chemical liquid filtration |
| Glass Fiber | High-dirt-loading pre-filtration, hot gas filtration, and removal of coarse or fine particulate matter | Commonly about 0.7–3 µm for depth-filter applications; actual retention depends strongly on structure | About 250–500°C for suitable dry, binder-free constructions | Generally compatible with many dry gases and non-alkaline environments; strong alkalis and hydrofluoric acid can attack glass | High dirt-holding capacity, useful at elevated temperatures, and efficient depth filtration | Potential fiber shedding or extractables; usually not the first choice for final ultrapure liquid filtration | Hot gas service and high particle-loading protection |
| Ceramic | High-temperature gas filtration, furnace exhaust, and particulate removal in thermal silicon processes | Approximately 0.1–10 µm, depending on ceramic structure and filter design | About 600–1,000°C or higher for specialized designs | Excellent thermal stability; chemical resistance varies with ceramic composition and process chemistry | Very high temperature capability, long service life in suitable gas applications, and resistance to thermal shock in engineered designs | Higher capital cost, brittle structure, and limited suitability for many low-temperature liquid applications | High-temperature exhaust and furnace-gas filtration |
| Activated Carbon | Removal of selected organic contaminants, odor-causing compounds, and trace impurities from process water or gases | Adsorption media rather than a conventional pore-rated membrane; particle size commonly ranges from sub-millimeter to several millimeters | Usually below 80–120°C for liquid or gas adsorption service, depending on the carbon and contaminant | Useful for many organic compounds; adsorption performance depends on pH, concentration, contact time, and competing contaminants | Can reduce trace organic contamination that ordinary particle filters cannot remove | Does not provide reliable particle sterilization or absolute particle retention; may release fines and requires downstream particle filtration | Targeted chemical or organic impurity control |